The human nose is an underrated tool. Humans are often thought to be insensitive smellers compared with animals, but this is largely because, unlike animals, we stand upright. This means that our noses are limited to perceiving those smells which float through the air, missing the majority of smells which stick to surfaces. In fact, though, we are extremely sensitive to smells, even if we do not generally realize it. Our noses are capable of detecting human smells even when these are diluted to far below one part in one million.
人类鼻子的功能一直都被低估了。人们通常认为,人类的嗅觉不如动物的嗅觉灵敏,但这主要是因为,与动物不同,我们是直立的。这意味着我们的鼻子仅限于感知飘浮在空气中的气味,却闻不到大多数附着在地面上的气味。然而,实际上,人类对气味极其数感,尽管我们通常没有意识到这一点。我们的鼻子能够察觉人类的气味,即使这些气味的浓度被稀释到远不及原来的百万分之一。
underrate;under 在下面 + rate 比率 等级 价格 → 在下面的等级 → 低估 动词。
insensitive; in- 不 , 无 + -sens- 感觉 + -itive 形容词词尾 → 没感觉的 → 麻木的,不敏感的。
compare; com- 共同 + -par- 相等 + -e 动词词尾 → 相等、对等是一起比较的结果 → 比较。
upright; PIE * reg, 拉直, 升直 → right 直的 → right 直的 正确的 → 西方左凶右吉迷信 → right 直的 正确的 右边的 → up, 向上 + right, 直的 → 直立的,挺直的;文中取直立之意。
float; PIE * pleu, 浮动,飘动 → 股票的流动就像飘动、浮动 → 又可作股票发行之意;文中取原意浮动、飘动。
surface; sur-, 在上, face, 脸,脸面,表面 → 面、表面,外表、外貌;文中指地面。
capable; cap- 拿 , 取 , 抓+ -able 形容词词尾 → 能抓的 善于抓的 → (褒)有能力的、有本领的,(贬)敢…的、能干得出…的。
detect; de-, 不,非,使相反。 -tect, 覆盖 → 揭开覆盖 → 查明,发觉、觉察,侦查、探测。
dilute; di- 分离 , 分开 + -lut- 洗、流、注入 → 流散开 → 稀释,冲淡。
Strangely, some people find that they can smell one type of flower but not another, whereas others are sensitive to the smells of both flowers. This may be because some people do not have the genes necessary to generate particular smell receptors in the nose. These receptors are the cells which sense smells and send messages to the brain. However, it has been found that even people insensitive to a certain smell at first can suddenly become sensitive to it when exposed to it often enough.
奇怪的是,有些人发现他们可以闻到某一种花香,但闻不到另一种,而另一些人则对两种花香都很敏感。这也许是因为一些人缺乏能在鼻子里生成特定的气味感受器的基因。而这些感受器就是一些感知气味并向大脑发送信息的细胞。然而,研究发现,即使是最初对某种特定气味不敏感的人,如果接触这种气味足够频繁,也会突然变得对它敏感起来。
whereas; 然而、鉴于,连词,whereas 比 while 语气強, 而且更正式。
certain; cert- 确信 + -ain 形容词词尾 → (表语)确定的,无疑的;(定语)某些,有点儿。
expose; ex- 向外 + -pos- 放置 + -e → 向外放置 → 使暴露、揭露,陈列,使(底片)曝光。
The explanation for insensitivity to smell seems to be that the brain finds it inefficient to keep all smell receptors working all the time but can create new receptors if necessary. This may also explain why we are not usually sensitive to our own smells-we simply do not need to be. We are not aware of the usual smell of our own house, but we notice new smells when we visit someone else's. The brain finds it best to keep smell receptors available for unfamiliar and emergency signals such as the smell of smoke, which might indicate the danger of fire.
(人类)对气味不敏感的原因似乎是这样:大脑发现让所有的气味感受器一直工作效率太低,但是,它可以在必要时产生新的感受器。这或许也可以解释为什么我们通常对自身的气味不敏感只不过是我们不需要而已。我们察觉不到自己家中惯有的气味,但是当我们去别人京里做客时就会注意到不热总的气味。大脑发现最好让气味感受器可以随时用于接收不熟悉的、紧急的信号,例如可能意味着有火灾危险的烟味。
simply; simple, 简单的,单纯的, -ly, 副词后缀 → 简单地,朴素地 → 仅仅、只不过,完全简直;文中翻译为只不过。
aware; a- 同 ad- 去、往 + ware- 看 → 去看、去留意 → 意识到。
indicate; in- 向内 + -dic- 说 , 讲 + -ate 动词词尾 → 里面说 → 暗示,指示,表明。
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